Industrial & Investment Guidance Encouraged Foreign Investment Industry Catalogue (2022 Edition)
Encouraged Foreign Investment Industry Catalogue (2022 Edition)
(Adopted at the 22nd Commission Affairs Meeting of the National Development and Reform Commission on July 29, 2022; promulgated by Order No. 52 of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce on October 26, 2022; effective January 1, 2023.)
This Catalogue is formulated in accordance with the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China and its implementing regulations, and, based on the needs of national economic and social development, in order to encourage and guide foreign investors to invest in specified industries, fields, and regions.
This Catalogue consists of two parts:
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Nationwide Catalogue of Industries Encouraging Foreign Investment; and
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Catalogue of Advantageous Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China.
As of January 1, 2023, the “Encouraged Foreign Investment Industry Catalogue (2020 Edition)” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce on December 27, 2020 shall be repealed.
Nationwide Catalogue of Industries Encouraging Foreign Investment
I. Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries
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Planting, development, and production of woody edible oil, seasonings, and industrial raw materials.
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Technology development and cultivation for green and organic vegetables (including edible fungi, melons and watermelons), dried and fresh fruits, and tea, and product production.
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Breeding, cultivation, and production of wine grapes.
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Breeding and cultivation of raw materials for beer.
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Development of new cultivation technologies for sugar crops, fruit trees, forage grasses and other crops, and product production.
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Breeding and development of new plant varieties specialized for high-yield and efficient silage feed.
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Construction and operation of flower production and nursery bases.
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Planting of rubber, oil-palm, sisal, and coffee.
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Breeding and cultivation of aromatic plants; extraction of essential oils.
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Planting and breeding of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources; development and production of organic-fertilizer resources.
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Cultivation of forest resources (fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, large-diameter timber forests, bamboo forests, economic forests such as oil-tea camellia, forests of precious timber species, etc.).
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Ecological planting and breeding under forest canopies.
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Development and application of standardized large-scale breeding technologies and intelligent breeding technologies for livestock and poultry.
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Breeding of breeding livestock, poultry, and aquatic fry (excluding precious and fine varieties unique to China).
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Construction and operation of ecological environment protection projects such as desertification control, soil and water conservation, and land greening.
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Aquaculture of aquatic products, deep-water cage culture, industrialized aquaculture, and ecological marine aquaculture.
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Efficient water-saving irrigation; improvement of farmland soils and ecological management; comprehensive utilization of reserve cultivated-land resources such as saline-alkali land; construction of high-standard farmland and related technology development and application; construction of projects and development/application of technologies for rural environment improvement, treatment of rural domestic sewage and waste, and water ecological environment management and restoration.
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Construction of storage, preservation, and cold-chain logistics facilities for agricultural products.
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Smart agriculture (integration and application of software technologies and equipment; digital transformation of agricultural production and operation management).
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Rural e-commerce and new rural services, including agricultural production services adapted to large-scale, standardized, mechanized agriculture, as well as rural living services.
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Leisure agriculture and rural tourism; construction of leisure sightseeing, farming-experience, outdoor expansion, ecological wellness, and labor-education practice bases.
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Development and production of safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly feed and feed additives (including vitamins, methionine, feed enzymes), and development of alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters.
II. Mining
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Exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas (including shale gas and coalbed methane), and utilization of coal mine gas.
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Development and application of new technologies for enhanced oil recovery (provided in the form of engineering services).
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Development and application of new technologies for geophysical prospecting, drilling, well logging, mud logging, and downhole operations in petroleum exploration and development.
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Development and application of new technologies to improve utilization of mine tailings and comprehensive application of mine ecological restoration technologies.
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Exploration, mining, and beneficiation of mineral varieties in short supply in China (such as potash salt, chromite, etc.).
III. Manufacturing
(I) Processing of Agricultural and Sideline Food Products
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Development and production of pet food and feed.
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Processing of aquatic products; purification and processing of shellfish; development of seaweed health foods.
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Processing of vegetables, dried and fresh fruits, and livestock and poultry products.
(II) Food Manufacturing
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Development and production of high-temperature sterilized milk (sterilized at 132°C for a very short time).
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Production of cheese and processed cheese, and cheese products.
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Development and production of infant formula foods, complementary foods for infants and young children, foods for special medical purposes, and health foods.
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Development and production of baked goods (including chocolate and products made with natural cocoa beans), convenience foods, ice cream and related ingredients.
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Production of candy, chewing gum, preserved fruits, and yogurt.
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Processing of forest foods.
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Development and production of plant-protein simulated-meat foods.
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Development and production of natural food additives and natural flavors using new technologies.
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Development and production of aseptic packaging materials for liquid foods.
(III) Manufacture of Liquor, Beverages, and Refined Tea
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Development and production of fruit/vegetable juice beverages, protein beverages, tea beverages, coffee beverages, and plant-based beverages.
(IV) Textile Industry
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Production of functional technical textiles using non-woven, weaving, knitting, braiding, 3D weaving and composite processes, and durable finishing technologies.
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Production of high-grade textile fabrics using digital intelligent printing-and-dyeing equipment, clean dyeing and finishing processes (enzyme treatment, efficient short-process pretreatment, continuous open-width pretreatment of knitted fabrics, low-temperature pretreatment and dyeing, low-salt or salt-free dyeing, low-urea printing, low-liquor-ratio air or air-liquid dyeing, digital ink-jet printing, foam finishing, etc.), functional finishing technologies, new dyeing processes, composite fabric processing; development and application of intelligent cheese-yarn dyeing technologies and equipment.
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Processing technology and product production of special animal fibers, bast fibers, mulberry and tussah silk, colored cotton, colored mulberry cocoon silk, and other natural fibers that meet environmental requirements.
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Sorting, recycling, and utilization of waste textiles.
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Production and R&D of therapeutic medical and hygienic textiles, artificial skin, absorbable sutures, hernia-repair materials, new dialysis-membrane materials, catheters for interventional therapy, high-end functional biomedical dressings, etc.
(V) Manufacture of Textile Apparel and Apparel
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Production of high-count cotton yarn.
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Production of garments and garment semi-finished products using computer-integrated manufacturing systems.
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Production of functional special-purpose apparel.
(VI) Manufacture of Leather, Fur, Feather and Related Products, and Footwear
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Processing using clean leather and fur technologies.
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Processing using new leather finishing technologies.
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Comprehensive utilization of leather waste.
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Production of high-performance elastomer footwear materials.
(VII) Processing of Timber, Wood, Bamboo, Rattan, Palm, and Straw Products
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Comprehensive utilization—by means of new technologies—and product development/production using forestry residues, “inferior, small, and fuelwood,” and waste wood and bamboo; technology development and application for pollution control in wood/bamboo production, reduction of fine-particulate emissions, and prevention of dust explosions.
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Development and production of new wood-structure and wood-building material technologies and products.
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Development and production of new technologies and products for recycling waste wood.
(VIII) Manufacture of Cultural, Educational, Arts, Crafts, Sports, and Entertainment Products
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Production of high-grade carpets, embroidery, and drawn-thread work products.
(IX) Petroleum Processing, Coking, and Nuclear Fuel Processing
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Processing of phenol oil, wash oil, anthracene oil, naphthalene oil; production of high-end chemicals derived from coal tar pitch (excluding modified pitch).
(X) Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products
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Development and production of new downstream silicone products.
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Supporting raw materials for synthetic materials: propylene oxide via hydrogen-peroxide oxidation of propylene (HPPO), epichlorohydrin via hydrogen-peroxide oxidation of allyl chloride, naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), adiponitrile by butadiene route (≥50,000 t/y), hexamethylenediamine, norbornene.
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Production of polyethylenepolyamine products.
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Development and production of high-end polyolefins such as high-carbon alpha-olefin copolymerized metallocene polyethylene and COC/COP cyclo-olefin polymers.
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Production of synthetic-fiber raw materials: 1,3-propanediol.
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Production of synthetic rubber: acrylate rubber, chlorohydrin rubber, and special rubbers such as special fluororubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, and thermoplastic polyurethane rubber.
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Production of engineering plastics and plastic alloys: PPS, PEEK, PI, PSU, PES, PAR, PPO, special polyamides (PA) and their modified materials, liquid-crystal polymers, etc.
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Fine chemicals: new catalyst products and technologies; commercial processing technologies for dyes (pigments); electronic and paper chemicals; leather chemicals; oilfield additives; refined ethylene oxide for surfactants and key raw materials using nitrogen-protected double-shell-tower safety technology; production of water-treatment agents and key raw materials; production of high-solids, solvent-free, water-based, electron-beam-curing, UV-curing, reactive adhesives and key raw materials including high-end butyl acrylate and high-end 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; polyester polyols; curing agents; sealants and adhesive tapes and key raw materials; new plastic additives (efficient, safe, environmentally friendly plasticizers—e.g., polyester plasticizers, halogen-free flame retardants, permanent antistatic agents, organic heat stabilizers, nucleating agents); production of inorganic fibers, inorganic nanomaterials; deep processing of pigment coatings; development and production of environmentally friendly surface-treatment technology products; development and production of humic-acid-based fine chemicals.
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Production of water-based inks and adhesives; low-VOC inks and adhesives such as electron-beam-curing and UV-curing types; environmentally friendly organic-solvent materials; environmentally friendly solvent-free materials.
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Production of natural flavors, synthetic flavors, single-component isolates, and the intermediate citral used for flavor components.
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Production of high-performance coatings and adhesives; low-VOC industrial coatings (high-solids, water-based, powder, radiation-curing, solvent-free) and supporting resins; water-based industrial coatings and supporting water-based resins (including high-end butyl acrylate and high-end 2-ethylhexyl acrylate).
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Production of high-performance fluoropolymers, fluorine-membrane materials, fluorinated intermediates for pharmaceuticals; refrigerants, cleaning agents, and foaming agents that comply with international conventions (zero ODP, low GWP).
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Development of green-hydrogen production technologies (hydrogen from chemical by-products, biological hydrogen production, and water electrolysis using renewable energy) and related storage/transport/liquefaction.
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Production and supply of large-scale, high-pressure, high-purity industrial gases (including electronic gases).
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Construction and operation of CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) projects.
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Recovery of fluorine resources from the phosphorus-chemical and aluminum-smelting industries for production.
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Development and production of new technologies and products for forest-chemical products.
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Development and production of inorganic, organic, and biological membranes for environmental protection.
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Development and production of new fertilizers: high-concentration potash fertilizers; compound microbial inoculants; compound microbial fertilizers; straw and waste decomposing agents; special functional microbial preparations; humic-acid fertilizers.
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Development and production of efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly new pesticide varieties, new formulations, dedicated intermediates and additives, and related clean-production processes; production of chiral and stereospecific pesticides using directed synthesis.
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Development and production of biopesticides and biological control products: microbial insecticides, microbial fungicides, agricultural antibiotics, biostimulants, insect pheromones, natural-enemy insects, microbial herbicides.
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Comprehensive utilization, treatment, and disposal of waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste.
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Organic polymer materials: aircraft skin coatings; rare-earth cerium sulfide red pigments; lead-free electronic packaging materials; series photoresist pastes for color PDP; small-diameter ultra-fine fibers with large specific surface area; high-precision fuel filter paper; self-healing surface-treatment materials; superhydrophobic nano-coatings; ultra-high-refractive-index optical resins; environmentally friendly recyclable solar module co-extruded backsheets and backsheet plastics; separators for automotive start-stop lead-acid batteries; separators for energy-storage lead-acid batteries.
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Development, production, and application of new technologies and products for forestry biomass energy.
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Low-carbon upgrading processes for petrochemical raw materials: electrically driven ethylene cracking; reverse water-gas shift and partial oxidation to convert CO₂ and light hydrocarbons into CO.
(XI) Manufacture of Medicines
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Development and production of new chemical raw materials and drugs that are under patent protection or whose patents have expired, using internationally advanced processes.
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Development and production of new drugs with independent intellectual property rights, especially for the prevention and treatment of major diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Development and production of new vaccines using advanced technologies, including genetic engineering and cell-culture methods.
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Development and production of biological products, blood products, diagnostic reagents, and monoclonal antibody preparations.
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Development and production of new technologies and preparations for traditional Chinese medicine modernization, including standardized extraction, purification, and formulation technologies.
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Development and production of pharmaceutical excipients, packaging materials, and drug-delivery systems that meet international standards.
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Construction and operation of pharmaceutical R&D centers and clinical trial institutions that meet international certification requirements.
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Development and production of drugs and medical products for rare diseases, pediatric diseases, and emergency medical use.
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Development and production of medical isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals.
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Development and application of green-manufacturing processes and technologies in the pharmaceutical industry.
(XII) Manufacture of Chemical Fiber
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Development and production of new types of differential and functional polyester fibers, and supporting high-performance raw materials.
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Development and production of aramid, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), carbon fibers, and other high-performance fibers, as well as composite materials.
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Development and production of environmentally friendly, bio-based, and recyclable fibers.
(XIII) Rubber and Plastic Products Manufacturing
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Production of high-performance tires, aviation tires, radial tires for engineering machinery, and tubeless tires.
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Production of high-performance rubber seals, hoses, belts, and damping materials.
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Development and production of medical, food-grade, and biodegradable plastics.
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Development and production of precision plastic components for automobiles, electronics, and medical devices.
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Recycling, classification, and high-value utilization of waste plastics.
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Production of high-end composite materials, modified plastics, and engineering plastics.
(XIV) Manufacture of Nonmetallic Mineral Products
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Production of lightweight, high-strength, energy-saving building materials (including wall, roof, insulation, and waterproof materials).
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Production of functional glass for solar energy, automotive, electronic displays, and ultra-clear glass for photovoltaics.
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Development and production of high-performance ceramics, special refractories, and advanced inorganic nonmetallic materials.
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Production of high-performance cement and related energy-efficient process technologies.
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Development and production of new environmentally friendly building materials from industrial solid wastes and tailings.
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Production of optical fiber and optical cable preforms.
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Production of new types of quartz materials and deep processing of non-metallic minerals.
(XV) Smelting and Rolling of Ferrous Metals
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Manufacture of advanced special steels and alloy materials for aerospace, shipbuilding, and high-end equipment.
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Recycling of scrap steel, and clean and efficient smelting technologies.
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Comprehensive utilization of metallurgical solid wastes such as slag, dust, and sludge.
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Development of hydrogen metallurgy and low-carbon ironmaking technologies.
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Development and production of high-quality, ultra-thin, high-strength steel plates, stainless steel strips, and other deep-processed products.
(XVI) Smelting and Rolling of Non-Ferrous Metals
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Production of high-purity non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and rare metals.
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Production of high-performance aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, and copper alloy materials.
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Processing of aluminum, copper, and magnesium into deep-processed and precision products.
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Development and production of battery-grade nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare-earth functional materials.
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Comprehensive recovery and utilization of waste non-ferrous metals.
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Application of green and energy-saving processes in electrolytic smelting and alloy production.
(XVII) Metal Products Manufacturing
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Manufacture of precision molds, cutting tools, and measuring instruments.
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Manufacture of high-end metal structural parts and precision metal components.
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Production of stainless steel fasteners, bearings, and mechanical parts.
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Production of 3D-printed metal parts and additive manufacturing materials.
(XVIII) General Equipment Manufacturing
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Production of high-end CNC machine tools, machining centers, and industrial robots.
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Development and production of intelligent manufacturing systems and key components (controllers, sensors, servo systems).
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Development and manufacture of agricultural machinery suitable for hilly, mountainous, and tropical regions.
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Development and production of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly construction machinery.
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Manufacture of intelligent logistics and warehousing equipment.
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Manufacture of high-pressure fluid machinery and sealing technology equipment.
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Production of energy-saving and emission-reduction equipment for boilers, kilns, and industrial furnaces.
(XIX) Special Equipment Manufacturing
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Manufacture of equipment for clean production and resource recycling.
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Manufacture of advanced medical equipment, surgical robots, and imaging devices.
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Development and manufacture of equipment for semiconductor and photovoltaic production.
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Production of aerospace test and assembly equipment.
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Manufacture of key components for rail transit and marine engineering.
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Development and manufacture of environmental monitoring and pollution control equipment.
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Development of precision instruments and analytical measuring devices.
(XX) Automotive Manufacturing
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Development and production of new-energy vehicles (battery electric, plug-in hybrid, fuel cell) and key components (motors, electronic controls, batteries).
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Development and production of intelligent connected vehicles and vehicle operating systems.
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Manufacture of lightweight automotive materials (high-strength steel, aluminum, magnesium alloys, carbon fiber composites).
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Manufacture of advanced automotive electronics, sensors, and powertrain systems.
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Recycling and remanufacturing of used vehicles and components.
(XXI) Manufacture of Rail Transport Equipment
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Manufacture of rail transit vehicles and key components.
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Development and manufacture of railway signaling, communication, and control systems.
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Manufacture of traction power systems and braking systems.
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Manufacture of testing and maintenance equipment for railways and subways.
(XXII) Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Equipment Manufacturing
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Design and construction of high-end vessels such as LNG carriers, ro-ro ships, cruise ships, and specialized engineering ships.
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Manufacture of ship power systems, propulsion equipment, and automation control systems.
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Design and manufacture of offshore engineering equipment (jack-up rigs, semi-submersible platforms, floating production storage and offloading units).
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Development of marine renewable energy equipment (tidal, wave, offshore wind).
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Development and manufacture of intelligent ship equipment and systems.
(XXIII) Aerospace Equipment Manufacturing
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Manufacture of aircraft, general aviation aircraft, and drones.
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Manufacture of aircraft engines, components, and avionics systems.
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Manufacture of satellite and spacecraft components.
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Manufacture of launch vehicles and ground support systems.
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Development and production of aviation materials and maintenance equipment.
(XXIV) Electrical Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
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Production of high-efficiency energy-saving motors and control systems.
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Development and production of new-energy power generation equipment (wind turbines, photovoltaic inverters, hydrogen fuel cells).
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Manufacture of power transmission and distribution equipment, including high-voltage switchgear and smart-grid components.
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Development and production of battery storage systems and charging facilities for electric vehicles.
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Development and manufacture of household and industrial electrical automation systems.
(XXV) Computer, Communication, and Other Electronic Equipment Manufacturing
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Manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs), sensors, and high-performance semiconductor materials.
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Production of electronic components for 5G communication, AI computing, and data centers.
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Manufacture of intelligent terminals, wearable devices, and AR/VR products.
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Production of high-precision optical instruments and imaging components.
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Development of quantum communication devices and next-generation information technologies.
IV. Production and Supply of Electricity, Heat, Gas, and Water
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Construction and operation of clean-energy power generation projects (wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, tidal).
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Construction and operation of distributed-energy systems and combined cooling-heating-power projects.
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Construction and operation of power-grid peak-shaving, frequency-regulation, and energy-storage projects; development and application of smart-grid technologies.
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Development and production of hydrogen-production, storage, and transportation facilities using renewable energy.
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Construction and operation of seawater-desalination projects and utilization of desalinated water.
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Construction and operation of water-resource recycling, reclaimed-water utilization, and wastewater treatment projects.
V. Construction
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Design, construction, and operation of green and energy-saving buildings.
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Construction and operation of prefabricated-building component production bases.
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Application of intelligent-construction technologies, BIM, and 3-D printing in engineering projects.
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Design and construction of disaster-prevention and mitigation projects, urban underground comprehensive corridors, and sponge-city facilities.
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Design and construction of infrastructure for tourism, sports, and public welfare.
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Construction and operation of public parking facilities and urban charging stations.
VI. Transportation, Warehousing, and Postal Services
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Construction and operation of ports, wharves, and supporting storage and transport facilities.
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Construction and operation of logistics parks, bonded logistics centers, and international distribution centers.
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Development of cold-chain logistics, fresh-food logistics, and pharmaceutical logistics.
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Development of multimodal-transport systems, intelligent-transport systems, and smart logistics platforms.
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Construction and operation of civil airports, general-aviation airports, and maintenance bases.
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Aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services.
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Operation of international shipping, maritime transport, and supporting services.
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Construction and operation of express-delivery networks and cross-border e-commerce logistics.
VII. Information Transmission, Software, and Information Technology Services
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Construction and operation of 5G networks, Internet of Things (IoT), and industrial-Internet infrastructure.
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Development and application of big-data, cloud-computing, and edge-computing technologies.
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Development of blockchain, artificial-intelligence, and machine-learning applications.
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Software R&D and system integration services.
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Development of network-security products and services.
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Construction and operation of data-center and disaster-recovery facilities.
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Development and operation of e-commerce platforms and digital-service platforms.
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Development of digital-content industries such as online education, animation, games, and film post-production.
VIII. Leasing and Business Services
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Financial-leasing, operating-leasing, and commercial-factoring businesses established in accordance with law.
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Development of professional consulting services in accounting, auditing, legal affairs, taxation, intellectual property, and engineering.
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Development of third-party logistics, supply-chain management, and human-resources service outsourcing.
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Development of intellectual-property operation and technology-transfer service platforms.
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Venture-capital and equity-investment enterprises that meet national regulations.
IX. Scientific Research and Technical Services
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Establishment of R&D centers, design centers, and testing and certification institutions.
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Development of industrial-design, product-testing, and inspection services.
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Development of technology-service platforms for materials science, biotechnology, and new-energy research.
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Development and application of technologies for energy conservation, environmental protection, and low-carbon development.
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Marine science and technology research, including deep-sea exploration and marine environmental monitoring.
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Establishment of innovation incubators and technology-transfer bases.
X. Water Conservancy, Environment, and Public-Facility Management
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Construction and operation of urban and rural sewage-treatment, solid-waste-treatment, and resource-recycling projects.
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Development and operation of comprehensive environmental-management projects (water, air, soil).
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Construction and operation of ecological-restoration, afforestation, and desertification-control projects.
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Development and operation of marine ecological-protection projects.
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Construction and operation of smart-city public-service facilities (intelligent lighting, waste sorting, smart water systems).
XI. Education
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Establishment of non-academic vocational-training institutions and continuing-education centers.
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Establishment of international schools and Sino-foreign cooperative educational institutions (in accordance with regulations).
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Development and operation of online-education platforms and digital-learning resources.
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Development of talent-training and skill-development programs for advanced manufacturing and modern services.
XII. Health and Social Work
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Construction and operation of medical institutions and rehabilitation centers in cooperation with Chinese partners.
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Construction and operation of elderly-care institutions, nursing facilities, and community home-care service systems.
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Development and production of rehabilitation and assistive devices, health-management services, and telemedicine platforms.
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Construction and operation of public-health laboratories and medical-testing institutions.
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Construction and operation of maternal and child-health service centers and psychiatric-rehabilitation institutions.
XIII. Culture, Sports, and Entertainment
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Construction and operation of fitness centers, sports venues, and sports parks.
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Development and operation of leisure tourism, cultural-performance, and exhibition projects.
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Development of creative industries: animation, digital media, design, and art exhibitions.
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Development and operation of sports training, sports-management, and event-operation institutions.
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Production and distribution of film and television works in cooperation with Chinese enterprises (subject to approval).
End of Nationwide Catalogue
Catalogue of Advantageous Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China (Excerpt: Hainan Province)
Hainan Province
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Tropical-agriculture planting, breeding, and processing.
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Marine fishery breeding, processing, and comprehensive utilization of marine products.
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Development of marine-biological medicine and health products.
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Development of new-energy industries such as solar, wind, biomass, and ocean energy.
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Tourism-related infrastructure construction and operation; development of tourism equipment and products.
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Tropical and marine ecological-environment protection and restoration projects.
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Airport, port, and logistics-hub construction and operation.
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Development of modern services: finance, leasing, education, health, sports, culture, and creative industries.
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Research, development, and application of technologies for tropical agriculture, marine science, environmental protection, and information technology.
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Construction and operation of international medical tourism, rehabilitation, and health-care service projects.
Supplementary Provisions
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The Catalogue of Advantageous Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China (2022 Edition) is used in conjunction with the nationwide catalogue.
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Foreign-invested enterprises investing in industries listed herein shall enjoy preferential treatment according to national and local policies.
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This Catalogue came into force on January 1, 2023, and the 2020 Edition was simultaneously repealed.
Issuing Authorities
National Development and Reform Commission
Ministry of Commerce
Promulgated: October 26, 2022
Effective: January 1, 2023