Sitting at the junction of Meilan District and Qiongshan District in Haikou City, the Five Officials Temple stands as a testament to Hainan’s exile and immigrant culture.
This architectural complex, often referred to as the “First Building of Hainan,” encompasses several historic structures, including the Five Officials Temple, Su Gong Temple, Guan Jia Hall, Xue Pu Hall, the Five Officials Academy, and Qiong Garden.
A Glimpse into History
Initially built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619) and renovated in the 15th year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1889), the Five Officials Temple has undergone numerous repairs over the centuries.
Covering more than 2,800 square meters of building area and approximately 100 acres in total, including gardens, wells, and ponds, this complex provides a peaceful retreat amidst the bustling city, earning its historical reputation as the “Qiongtai Scenic Spot.”
Cultural and Spiritual Significance
The temple complex honours several notable figures from Chinese history, including Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Li Deyu, Song Dynasty Prime Ministers Li Gang and Zhao Ding, and Southern Song Dynasty generals Li Guang and Hu Quan. The lifelike stone carvings of these five officials within the temple are particularly impressive.
Architectural Marvels
The centrepiece of the complex is the Two-story Wooden Five Officials Temple, a 9-meter-high structure and is reportedly the earliest multi-story building in Hainan.
Adjacent to it is the Su Gong Temple, originally a Jinsu An (Gold Millet Temple) converted during the Ming Dynasty to honour the renowned Song Dynasty poet Su Shi and his brother Su Zhe.
Known also as the Two Sus Temple, it houses over 30 stone inscriptions of Su Dongpo’s poetry, celebrating his contributions to Confucian principles and local culture during his exile in Hainan.
A Treasure Trove of Cultural Artifacts
As one of the first national key cultural relics protection units in Hainan, the Five Officials Temple houses many precious artifacts. Among the most famous is the handwritten imperial decree “Shen Xiao Yu Qing Wan Shou Palace Edict” by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, renowned for its slender gold script. Additionally, calligraphy by the Qing Dynasty official Hai Rui and the inscription “Nan Ming Qi Dian” (Wonderland of the Southern Seas) by the Republic of China period scholar Wang Guoxian are housed here.
Enduring Legacy
The Five Officials Temple is a symbol of Hainan’s cultural heritage, embodied by the resounding couplet inscribed on the temple’s pillars by a Qing Dynasty writer: 唐嗟未造，宋恨偏安，天地几人才置诸海外，道契前贤，教兴后学，乾坤有正气在此楼中。” “只知有国，不知有身，任凭千般折磨，益坚其志；先其所忧，后其所乐，但愿群才奋起，莫负斯楼。
“During the Tang, lamenting unfulfilled aspirations; in the Song, regretting partial stability. How many talents have been exiled overseas? Following the wisdom of the ancients and fostering future scholars, righteousness and moral integrity reside in this building.”
“Knowing only the nation, not oneself, enduring countless hardships to strengthen one’s resolve; prioritising the worries of the people, enjoying their happiness afterward, hoping for all talents to rise and not disappoint this building.”
The deeds and values of the Five Officials are said to have become a spiritual and cultural heritage for Hainanese people, inspiring ideals and pursuits to this day.
The Five Officials Temple offers a journey into Hainan’s historical and cultural heart. Its architectural grandeur, rich historical ambiance, and spiritual significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Haikou.
Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply seeking a tranquil retreat, the Five Officials Temple stands as an example of Hainan’s enduring cultural legacy.
Ticket fee for one adult and one teenager was 86 RMB
Address: 绣衣坊 (copy and paste into WeChat maps)
Related article: Discover more from historical Haikou
